List/Array Methods:
append() Adds an element at the end of the list
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
fruits.append("orange")
print(fruits)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
b = ["Ford", "BMW", "Volvo"]
a.append(b)
print(a)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', ['Ford', 'BMW', 'Volvo']]
clear() Removes all the elements from the list
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']
fruits.clear()
print(fruits)
[]
copy() Returns a copy of the list
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']
x = fruits.copy()
print(x)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange']
count() Returns the number of elements with the specified value
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
x = fruits.count("cherry")
print(x)
1
points = [1, 4, 2, 9, 7, 8, 9, 3, 1]
x = points.count(9)
print(x)
2
extend() Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
cars = ['Ford', 'BMW', 'Volvo']
fruits.extend(cars)
print(fruits)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'Ford', 'BMW', 'Volvo']
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
points = (1, 4, 5, 9)
fruits.extend(points)
print(fruits)
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 1, 4, 5, 9]
index() Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
x = fruits.index("cherry")
print(x)
2
insert() Adds an element at the specified position
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
fruits.insert(1, "orange")
print(fruits)
['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'cherry']
pop() Removes the element at the specified position
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
fruits.pop(1)
print(fruits)
['apple', 'cherry']
remove() Removes the first item with the specified value
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)
['apple', 'cherry']
reverse() Reverses the order of the list
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
fruits.reverse()
print(fruits)
['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']
sort() Sorts the list
cars = ['Ford', 'BMW', 'Volvo']
cars.sort()
['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']
cars = ['Ford', 'BMW', 'Volvo']
cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars)
['Volvo', 'Ford', 'BMW']
def myFunc(e):
return len(e)
cars = ['Ford', 'Mitsubishi', 'BMW', 'VW']
cars.sort(key=myFunc)
print(cars)
['VW', 'BMW', 'Ford', 'Mitsubishi']
def myFunc(e):
return e['year']
cars = [
{'car': 'Ford', 'year': 2005},
{'car': 'Mitsubishi', 'year': 2000},
{'car': 'BMW', 'year': 2019},
{'car': 'VW', 'year': 2011}
]
cars.sort(key=myFunc)
print(cars)
[{'car': 'Mitsubishi', 'year': 2000}, {'car': 'Ford', 'year': 2005}, {'car': 'VW', 'year': 2011}, {'car': 'BMW', 'year': 2019}]
def myFunc(e):
return len(e)
cars = ['Ford', 'Mitsubishi', 'BMW', 'VW']
cars.sort(reverse=True, key=myFunc)
print(cars)
- ['Mitsubishi', 'Ford', 'BMW', 'VW']
Dictionary Operations Examples
clear() Removes all the elements from the dictionary
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
car.clear()
print(car)
{}
copy() Returns a copy of the dictionary
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.copy()
print(x)
{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964}
fromkeys() Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and values
x = ('key1', 'key2', 'key3')
y = 0
thisdict = dict.fromkeys(x, y)
print(thisdict)
{'key1': 0, 'key2': 0, 'key3': 0}
x = ('key1', 'key2', 'key3')
thisdict = dict.fromkeys(x)
print(thisdict)
{'key1': None, 'key2': None, 'key3': None}
get() Returns the value of the specified key
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.get("model")
print(x)
Mustang
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.get("price", 15000)
print(x)
15000
items() Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.items()
print(x)
dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 1964)])
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.items()
car["year"] = 2018
print(x)
dict_items([('brand', 'Ford'), ('model', 'Mustang'), ('year', 2018)])
keys() Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.keys()
print(x)
dict_keys(['brand', 'model', 'year'])
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.keys()
car["color"] = "white"
print(x)
dict_keys(['brand', 'model', 'year', 'color'])
pop() Removes the element with the specified key
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
car.pop("model")
print(car)
{'brand': 'Ford', 'year': 1964}
car = { "brand": "Ford", "model": "Mustang", "year": 1964 } x = car.pop("model") print(x)
Mustang
popitem() Removes the last inserted key-value pair
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
car.popitem()
print(car)
{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang'}
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.popitem()
print(x)
('year', 1964)
setdefault() Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does not exist: insert the key, with the specified value
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.setdefault("model", "Bronco")
print(x)
Mustang
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.setdefault("color", "white")
print(x)
white
update() Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
car.update({"color": "White"})
print(car)
{'brand': 'Ford', 'model': 'Mustang', 'year': 1964, 'color': 'White'}
values() Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964])
x = car.values()
print(x)
dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 1964])
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.values()
car["year"] = 2018
print(x)
dict_values(['Ford', 'Mustang', 2018])
Tuple operation Examples
count() Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a tuple
thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)
x = thistuple.count(5)
print(x)
2
index() Searches the tuple for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found
thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)
x = thistuple.index(8)
print(x)
3
Set Operation Examples:
add() Adds an element to the set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.add("orange")
print(fruits)
{'apple', 'cherry', 'banana', 'orange'}
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.add("apple")
print(fruits)
{'banana', 'cherry', 'apple'}
clear() Removes all the elements from the set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.clear()
print(fruits)
set()
copy() Returns a copy of the set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
x = fruits.copy()
print(x)
{'banana', 'apple', 'cherry'}
difference() Returns a set containing the difference between two or more sets
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.difference(y)
print(z)
{'banana', 'cherry'}
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = y.difference(x)
print(z)
{'google', 'microsoft'}
difference_update() Removes the items in this set that are also included in another, specified set
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
x.difference_update(y)
print(x)
{'cherry', 'banana'}
discard() Remove the specified item
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.discard("banana")
print(fruits)
{'apple', 'cherry'}
intersection() Returns a set, that is the intersection of two other sets
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.intersection(y)
print(z)
{'apple'}
x = {"a", "b", "c"}
y = {"c", "d", "e"}
z = {"f", "g", "c"}
result = x.intersection(y, z)
print(result)
{'c'}
intersection_update() Removes the items in this set that are not present in other, specified set(s)
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
x.intersection_update(y)
print(x)
{'apple'}
isdisjoint() Returns whether two sets have a intersection or not
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "facebook"}
z = x.isdisjoint(y)
print(z)
True
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.isdisjoint(y)
print(z)
False
issubset() Returns whether another set contains this set or not
x = {"a", "b", "c"}
y = {"f", "e", "d", "c", "b", "a"}
z = x.issubset(y)
print(z)
True
x = {"a", "b", "c"}
y = {"f", "e", "d", "c", "b"}
z = x.issubset(y)
print(z)
False
issuperset() Returns whether this set contains another set or not
x = {"f", "e", "d", "c", "b", "a"}
y = {"a", "b", "c"}
z = x.issuperset(y)
print(z)
True
x = {"f", "e", "d", "c", "b"}
y = {"a", "b", "c"}
z = x.issuperset(y)
print(z)
False
pop() Removes an element from the set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.pop()
print(fruits)
{'apple', 'banana'}
remove() Removes the specified element
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits)
{'apple', 'cherry'}
symmetric_difference() Returns a set with the symmetric differences of two sets
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.symmetric_difference(y)
print(z)
{'cherry', 'banana', 'google', 'microsoft'}
symmetric_difference_update() inserts the symmetric differences from this set and another
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
x.symmetric_difference_update(y)
print(x)
{'google', 'cherry', 'banana', 'microsoft'}
union() Return a set containing the union of sets
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.union(y)
print(z)
{'apple', 'microsoft', 'banana', 'cherry', 'google'}
x = {"a", "b", "c"}
y = {"f", "d", "a"}
z = {"c", "d", "e"}
result = x.union(y, z)
print(result)
{'a', 'f', 'e', 'b', 'c', 'd'}
update() Update the set with the union of this set and others
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
x.update(y)
print(x)
{'banana', 'google', 'apple', 'cherry', 'microsoft'}
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